There were many things that led to the Unions victory at Gettysburg. The Battle of Gettysburg is considered by many as the turning point of the American Civil War. The battle was won by the thousands of Union soldiers who died at the historic Gettysburg battlefield in Pennsylvania. The Battle lasted for three long days. Some of the things that affected the outcome of the battle of Gettysburg were the Union Commanders, The Confederate Commanders, the individual regiments and several key events. In this presentation, I will present the commanders.
One of the most important aspects attributing to the Union Victory at Gettysburg was the Commanders of the Union army. The primary leader of the Union’s Army of the Potomac was General George G. Meade. Meade replaced General Joseph Hooker Shortly before the battle. Meade’s defensive strategy during the battle helped thin the numbers of the advancing confederates. This inevitably dropped the confederate numbers significantly enough to force General Lee to retreat. Several other supporting commanders contributed to the victory. General John F. Reynolds was the general in charge of the left wing of the army of the Potomac. He commanded several groups including the first Corps and General Buford’s first Division. He died during the first day of the battle from a gunshot wound to the back of his neck. General John Buford had command of the first Division, a cavalry unit. General Buford and his first Division were the men who originally scouted out and occupied the town of Gettysburg before the battle. Another important commander during the battle of Gettysburg was Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain. Colonel Chamberlain commanded the twentieth Maine Infantry Regiment during the battle. He and the twentieth Maine are responsible for the victory at little Round top, one of two large hills in Gettysburg. After sustaining heavy casualties, Chamberlain ordered a bayonet charge to finish off the attacking Confederate fifteenth Alabama Regiment. Chamberlain’s victory at Little Round top is considered on of the most important defensive victories of the Union army during the Battle of Gettysburg.
Another important aspect of the battle of Gettysburg was the Confederate Commanders. The Primary Confederate Commander during the Battle of Gettysburg was General Robert E. Lee. After sustaining heavy casualties, Lee retreated on the third day to prevent further losses. Another important Confederate general was General Henry Heth. Heth is responsible for indivertibly starting the battle of Gettysburg. He sent two brigades into the town of Gettysburg in search of shoes. The brigades were attacked by General Buford’s first Division, thus starting the battle. Another Important Confederate Commander was General James Longstreet. General Longstreet was Lee’s principle subordinate. He was ordered by General Lee to attack the Union army’s left flank. Longstreet however, delayed his attack. Many believe that his delay to attack directly contributed to the Confederate army’s loss. The final Confederate Commander who influenced the outcome of the battle was General George E. Picket. General Picket was one of Longstreet’s subordinates. During the second day of the battle it became necessary to directly attack General Meade’s position on Cemetery Ridge. Lee ordered his men to assault the position. Chosen to lead this attack was General Picket. Picket led an enormous number of Confederate soldiers in the final attack. This attack came to be known as Picket’s Charge. The heavy losses during this attack forced Lee to retreat, ending the three day battle.